The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.